Glass is generally considered as a material with high chemical inertness due to its strong network structure. However, it is possible to lower this chemical inertness by continuously altering its structure, especially in water.
On the other hand, glass has another interesting property, which retains metal as ions. Combination of this property and the above technology has enabled to create glass with low chemical inertness, which can also retain anti-microbial metal ions such as silver and copper. With the presence of water or moisture, the glass will release these metal ions gradually to function as anti-microbial material.
it is well known that these ion have antimicrobial effect. For example, silverware and copperware has been known to prevent decay of water and food since the ancient times.

• Freely design the anti-microbial effect and life span according to using purpose.
• Adaptable to all kind of resin in various grades.
• High performance at low concentration.
• Keep up transparency of resin such as PP, PC, ABS, AS.
• Adapt every molding and spinning as its heat-resistance is more than 500℃.
• Keep up high performance after washing and warm water environment.
• High level of safety.

With the presence of moisture, IONPURE releases a few Ag ions gradually. Ag ion has an ability to strongly bind to cellular enzyme of microbes and inhibit enzyme activity of cell wall, membrane, and nucleic acids. In a word, as microbes charged with minus on their surface, Ag ions that have plus are drawn toward microbes, and disturb their electric balance. so that microbes are burst their cell wall and extinguished.

Otherwise, as Ag ions are taken into microbes, they react and bond to the cellular enzyme microbes. this inhibits enzyme activity and multiplication of microbes, thus extinguishing the microbes.

IONPURE can apply to the uses for compounding or coating or dipping of resin and fiber.

Sample	Number of cells		Log	Log (Blank) -Log (Samples)
	Beginning	24 hours later
PP plate with 0.1% IONPURE	1×105	<1×102	<2.0	>5.7
Blank	1×105	5×107	7.7	–

Note 1)Test method: in accordance with JIS Z 2801

Sample	Number of cells		Log	Log (Blank) -Log (Samples)
	Beginning	24 hours later
PP plate with 0.1% IONPURE	1×105	<1×102	<2.0	>4.8
Blank	1×105	6×107	6.8	–

Sample	Number of cells		Log	Log (Blank)-Log (Samples)
	Beginning	18 hours later
PP fiber with 0.3% IONPURE	8×105	1×102	2.0	4.6
Blank	8×105	4×106	6.6	–

Sample	Number of cells		Log	Log (Blank)-Log (Samples)
	Beginning	18 hours later
PET fiber with 0.5% IONPURE	3×104	<1×102	<2.0	>5.0
Blank	3×104	1×107	7.0	–

Note 1) Bacteria used: Staphylococcus IFO 12732
Note 2)Test method: in accordance with JIS L 1902

Fiber containing Ionpure can keep up anti-microbial effect even after washing.

Sample PP fiber	Number of cells		Log	Log (Black) -Log (Samples)
	Beginning	18 hours later
IONPURE non washed	3×104	<2×102	<2.3	>4.7
IONPURE 50 wash-cycles	3×104	<2×102	<2.3	>4.7
Blank	3×104	1×107	7.0	–

Note 1) Bacteria used: Staphylococcus aueus IFO 12732
Note 2) Test method: in accordance with JIS L 1902

Sample PP fiber	Number of cells		Log	Log (Black) -Log (Samples)
	Beginning	18 hours later
IONPURE non washed	3×104	<2×102	2.3	>5
IONPURE 50 wash-cycles	3×104	<4×102	2.6	4.7
Blank	3×104	2×107	7.3	–

Heat-resistance of IONPURE is more than 500℃. as it is inorganic. It is possible to apply to every molding and spinning. Moreover, it can apply heat-resistant container made from resin.

IONPURE is not discolored by compounding and with age, as it is can control the speed of releasing metal ions which have anti-microbial effect.

To be enable to design freely it’s life span of effect by combining glass composition and metal ions having anti-microbial effect is only IONPURE.

Sample PP fiber	Number of cells		Log	Log (Black)-Log (Samples)
	Beginning	24 hours later
Boiled 500 hours	1×105	1×104	4	3
Boiled 1000 hours	1×105	3×104	4.4	2.6
Blank	1×105	1×107	7.0	–

Note 1) Used bacteria: Escherichia coli NBRC 3972
Note 2) Test method: in accordance with JIS Z 2801

In general, adding inorganic material to transparent resin such as PP, PVC, ABS, PS, cause the turbidity. but Ionpure, as it is glass, can keep up the transparency of resin to control its refractive index.

Sample	Number of cells		Log	Log (Blank)-Log (Samples)
	Beginning	24 hours later
GP-PS with 0.15% IONPURE	2×105	<1×102	<2.0	>5.0
Blank	2×105	1×107	7.0	–

Note 1)Bacteria used: Escherichia coli NBRC 3972
Note 2)Test method: in accordance with JIS Z 2801

IONPURE does not effect the properties of plastics.

Strength test	Test method		Material
			Blank PC plate	PC plate with 0.5% IONPURE
Tensile strength 50mm/min	ASTM D-638 (kg/cm2)	At yield point	642	639
		At break point	746	662
Bending strength 3mm/min	ASTM D-790(kg/cm2)		924	931
Impact strength	ASTM D-256(kg・cm/cm2)		82.60	83.86
Heat transforming temperature load 18.5kg	ASTM D-648 (℃)		132.4	132.8

IONPURE has acquired various safety data for each grade of the product. Following are examples of safety data.

• Acute oral toxicity
  There was no case of abnormal reaction or death by single oral administration of 5000mg/kg(2000mg/kg) of IONPURE to mice.
• Primary skin irritation
  No skin irritation response was observed an albino rabbits during or after the skin irritation test suggested in the OECD Chemical Substance Toxicity Test Guidance.(1981)
• Mutagenicity
  The mutagenicity test based on the bulletin No.77 of the Labor Ministry of Japan (1st Sep.1989)resulted in no increase in reverse mutation and mutagenicity was confirmed to be negative.
• Skin sensitization
  The skin sensitization test using maximization method demonstrated no skin sensitization on guinea pigs.
• Inhibition of colony forming
  In accordance with “Guidelines for Biological Tests of Medical Devices” (No.99), the value was 0.51mg/ml for inhibition of 50% colony forming (IC50).

In addition to above test results, eye irritancy test, photo toxicity test, and repeat insult patch test have been performed for other grades of IONPURE. Also, other products containing IONPURE have exhibited excellent safety data in human patch test and quality assurance test for food containers and appliances based on Food Hygiene Law of Japan.

‘Ion pure’ is approved in different kinds of legislation in worldwide.

• 1.EPA Approved

Ion pure is FIFRA (The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) approved.
EPA approved Ion pure can be used for applications related to non-food contact, food contact, and drinking water applications. For example, polymer incorporated applications, tupperware, artificial counter top, drinking water filter, and ice machine applications etc. It is prohibited to distribute and market an antimicrobial agent without EPA approvals in the USA.

Food Contact & Drinking Water

o   ION PURE WPA (73148-1) o   ION PURE IPL (73148-3)

Non-Food Contact

o   ION PURE ZAF (73148-2) o   ION PURE IZA (73148-5) o   ION PURE ZAF HS (73148-6) o   ION PURE ZAF MS (73148-7) o   ION PURE IPI (73148-8)

• 2.FDA Approved

Ion pure is FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved.
Ion pure can be applied to any polymers used for industrial or food packaging use application.
Listed applications are, food wrapping applications, tray, bottles, containers used for delivery of food

o   FCN No. 000432 ION PURE IPL o   FCN No. 000433 ION PURE WPA o   FCN No. 000476 ION PURE IZA

• 3.NSF

Ion pure is listed under NSF (National Sanitation Foundation) approved substance under NSF Standard 51.
With this registration, Ion pure can be applied in polymeric applications which are used in food contact settings.
Possible applications are, dish washer, ice machine, refrigerator, kitchen utensils, belt conveyor

NSF Standard 51

o   ION PURE WPA o   ION PURE IPL o   ION PURE IZA

• 1.BPR (Biocidal Product Regulation) Regulation (EU) 528/2012

BPR became effective after 1 September 2013. All biocidal products require an authorization before they can be placed on the market. In addition, the active substances contained in the biocidal product must be approved previously. Dossiers of Ion pure have already been submitted in 2007 and 2008, and Ishizuka Glass is directly involved in this evaluation process.
→BPR evauation is still on going. Additional information will be updated as evaluation goes on.
Article 95 List: Silver Phosphate Glass
Active substances which are not listed under Article 95 listing after 1 September 2015 can no longer be marketed in EU.

Ishizuka is listed under Article 95 list

Active Substance:	Silver Phosphate Glass
Listed as:	Substance & Product Supplier

• 2. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)

Ion pure has received an EFSA opinion concluding this substance can be applied in food contact applications.

Ion pure grades received an EFSA opinion

o   ION PURE IPL (86432) o   ION PURE WPA (86432-20) o   ION PURE ZAF (86432-40)

IONPURE FOR WATER-BASED COATING

BACKGROUND

The market of water-based coating continues to grow because of the below reasons.
1. Environmentally friendly
In order to reduce the amount of V.O.C. (Volatile organic compounds,) many coating manufacturers shift from Solvent coating to Water-Based Coating.
2.Regulation
Coating manufacturers in the US are all forced by EPA to reduce the V.O.C.

• Be able to keep about 12 months.
• Coating method
  General methods such as Spraying, Dipping, Rolling, Calendaring, Bar Coating
• Lower dosage
  about 0.3w/v% (in dry film)
• Can be apply to both
  Ultraviolet (UV) cure Urethane Water Based Coating 2 parts system Water Based Coating

Antimicrobial efficacy

Test method: ISO 22196/JIS Z 2801 Tested bacteria: Escherichia coli

Water Based Coating	Number of living bacteria		Antimicrobial activity value against control	Reduction %
	At beginning	After 24 hours
Acrylic (White) With Ionpure 0.3%	1 × 105	<1×102	>5.3	99.999
Acrylic (Clear) With Ionpure 0.3%	1 × 105	<1×102	>5.3	99.999
Acrylic (Clear*) With Ionpure 0.3%	1 × 105	<1×102	>5.3	99.999
Polyurethan 2 parts system With Ionpure 0.3%	1 × 105	<1×102	>5.3	99.999
Control (Film Only)	1 × 105	2 × 107	–	–

*Kept 17 days inside a room after Ionpure is mixed.

 

Durability

<Pre-treated>
Store liquid coating at 50±2C for 6 weeks *Equivalent to 1year stored in Shelf.

Water Based Coating	Number of living bacteria (E.Coli)		Antimicrobial activity value against Blank	Reduction %
	0 hrs	24hrs
Acrylic (White) With Ionpure 0.3%	2 × 105	<1×102	>5.0	99.999
Acrylic (White) With Ionpure 0.6%	2 × 105	<1×102	>5.0	99.999
Acrylic (White) BLANK	2 × 105	1×107	–	–

<Pre-treated>
1.Store liquid coating at 50±2C for 6 weeks *Equivalent to 1year stored in Shelf.
2.Soak the coated plates in water (at 50±2C for 16 hours) *Equivalent to more than 5years usage of applications that often contact water. (Bath/Kitchen)

Water Based Coating	Number of living bacteria (E.Coli)		Antimicrobial activity value against Blank	Reduction %
	0 hrs	24hrs
Acrylic (White) With Ionpure 0.3%	2 × 105	<2×102	>5.0	99.999
Acrylic (White) With Ionpure 0.6%	2 × 105	<1×102	>5.3	99.999
Acrylic (White) BLANK	2 × 105	2×107	–	–

 

Discoloration

<Pre-treated>
Soaked in water (at 50±2C for 16 hours)

Water Based Coating	Discoloration (Visual check)
Acrylic (White) With Ionpure 0.3%	None
Acrylic (Clear) With Ionpure 0.3%	None
Acrylic (Clear*) With Ionpure 0.3%	None
Polyurethan 2 parts system With Ionpure 0.3%	None

Note

*Kept 17 days inside a room after Ionpure is mixed.

• Disperse well before applying
  In case not able to well disperse, please stop using it and make new coating with Ionpure.
• 2 parts system Coating: Add to resin solution (Not into hardener such as Isocyanate)
• Store in dry area away from lights and humidity

Source: Ishizuka

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